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"Christensen, Paulina"
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German for dummies
Introduces conversational German, with useful phrases for greeting others, making small talk, and shopping, as well as tips on improving grammar and vocabulary.
Book
A microbial supply chain for production of the anti-cancer drug vinblastine
Abstract Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a diverse family of complex plant secondary metabolites with many medicinal properties, including the essential anti-cancer therapeutics vinblastine and vincristine 1 . As MIAs are difficult to chemically synthesize, the world’s supply chain for vinblastine relies on low-yielding extraction and purification of the precursors vindoline and catharanthine from the plant Catharanthus roseus , which is then followed by simple in vitro chemical coupling and reduction to form vinblastine at an industrial scale 2,3 . Here, we demonstrate the de novo microbial biosynthesis of vindoline and catharanthine using a highly engineered yeast, and in vitro chemical coupling to vinblastine. The study showcases a very long biosynthetic pathway refactored into a microbial cell factory, including 30 enzymatic steps beyond the yeast native metabolites geranyl pyrophosphate and tryptophan to catharanthine and vindoline. In total, 56 genetic edits were performed, including expression of 34 heterologous genes from plants, as well as deletions, knock-downs and overexpression of ten yeast genes to improve precursor supplies towards de novo production of catharanthine and vindoline, from which semisynthesis to vinblastine occurs. As the vinblastine pathway is one of the longest MIA biosynthetic pathways, this study positions yeast as a scalable platform to produce more than 3,000 natural MIAs and a virtually infinite number of new-to-nature analogues.
Journal Article
German all-in-one for dummies
German All-in-One For Dummies brings together content from German For Dummies, 2nd Edition, German For Dummies Audio Set, German Phrases For Dummies, Intermediate German For Dummies, and German Essentials For Dummies. Plus, it includes a new CD that allows for even more opportunities to practice speaking the language, as well as additional content on grammar and usage to empower you to use and speak German like a native.--Publisher description.
Book
Sports-based recreation as a means to address social inequity in health: why, when, where, who, what, and how
The rising global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among people with low socioeconomic status (SES) has heightened awareness of the need for primary prevention programs in low-SES neighborhoods. Social inequity in health is apparent in mental, social and physical aspects of health among people living in low-SES neighborhoods. Viewing this problem from a life course perspective and adopting a vulnerable population approach points to the importance of inducing sustainable health behavior changes in children and young people living in low-SES neighborhoods. One important factor in lowering the risk of many NCDs while improving mental health is the promotion of physical activity (PA). In this paper, we argue that lowering the risk of many NCDs and improving mental health is best achieved through setting-based programs that facilitate long-term PA behavior changes in children and adolescents living in marginalized neighborhoods. Empirical evidence indicates that extrinsic motives for participating in physical activities, such as improving health, are insufficient when long-term participation is the goal. Therefore, we argue that interventions with the aim of affecting long-term PA in low-SES neighborhoods and thereby reducing social inequities in health should include activities that aim to create more intrinsic and autonomous motivations by building on more broad and positive understandings of health and participation. Here, we advocate that sports-based recreation (SR) holds several advantages. If implemented well, SR has the potential to be a health-promoting activity that is meaningful and motivating in itself and that involves physiological health-promoting aspects (e.g., PA), a social aspect (e.g., positive relations with others), and a psychological aspect (e.g., positive experiences of oneself). Further, we suggest four practicalities that should be considered when conducting interventions: the cost of participating, the location, the facilities required, and the suitability of the SR activities.
Journal Article
A dataset of direct observations of sea ice drift and waves in ice
Variability in sea ice conditions, combined with strong couplings to the atmosphere and the ocean, lead to a broad range of complex sea ice dynamics. More in-situ measurements are needed to better identify the phenomena and mechanisms that govern sea ice growth, drift, and breakup. To this end, we have gathered a dataset of in-situ observations of sea ice drift and waves in ice. A total of 15 deployments were performed over a period of 5 years in both the Arctic and Antarctic, involving 72 instruments. These provide both GPS drift tracks, and measurements of waves in ice. The data can, in turn, be used for tuning sea ice drift models, investigating waves damping by sea ice, and helping calibrate other sea ice measurement techniques, such as satellite based observations.
Journal Article
Viable Neisseria meningitidis is commonly present in saliva in healthy young adults: Non-invasive sampling and enhanced sensitivity of detection in a follow-up carriage study in Portuguese students
Improved sensitivity and efficiency of detection and quantification of carriage of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) in young people is important for evaluation of the impact of vaccines upon transmission and associated population-wide effects. Saliva collection is quick, non-invasive and facilitates frequent sampling, but has been reported to yield low sensitivity by culture. We re-evaluated this approach in a follow-up cross sectional study using direct and culture-amplified PCR.
In April 2016 we collected paired oropharyngeal swabs (OPS) and saliva samples from 1005 healthy students in Portugal into STGG broth and stored them at -80°C until DNA extraction and batched qPCR analysis. Samples were also cultured on GC agar plates for 72h and PCR done on DNA extracts from overall growth. Nm isolates were also sought from a selection of 50 samples. qPCR amplification targets were superoxide dismutase sodC and capsular locus/genogroup-specific genes (B, C, W, X and Y) and, for cultured isolates only, porA. Cycle threshold values of ≤36 were considered positive.
556 tests (460 samples, 363 subjects, 36.1%) were positive for Nm (sodC) and 65 (45, 36, 3.6%) for MenB. More salivas were positive by direct sodC qPCR (211, 21.0%) than OPS (126, 12.5%) but fewer were positive by culture-amplified qPCR (94 vs. 125). For both sample types, many that were negative on direct qPCR came positive on culture-amplification and Nm was consistently isolated from salivas in which culture amplified the PCR signal. Using both methods on both samples yielded 36.1% Nm and 5.5% encapsulated Nm carriage rates while direct qPCR on OPS alone detected 12.5% and 2.2%.
Detectable MenB carriage rates (2.9%) were lower than 4 years earlier (6.8%) in this population (p = 0.0003). Viable meningococci were often present in saliva. Although evidence of encapsulated Nm was less frequent in saliva than OPS, collection is more acceptable to subjects allowing more frequent sampling. Use of culture-amplification increases detection sensitivity in both sample types, especially when combined with direct PCR. Combining these samples and/or methodologies could greatly enhance the power of carriage studies to detect the impact of vaccines upon carriage and transmission.
Journal Article
Endospores, prokaryotes, and microbial indicators in arable soils from three long-term experiments
Management impacts on microbial communities in arable soil may influence soil quality and fertility. We examined the composition of the prokaryotic community in soils maintained under specific treatments for 24–118 years at Askov Experimental Station, Denmark. The experiments involved nutrient addition (unfertilized, mineral fertilizer, cattle manure), straw disposal (no straw, 8 t straw ha
−1
year
−1
), and soil texture (5–18 % clay). Domain- and phylum-assigned cells were quantified by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene analysis and endospores by analysis of dipicolinic acid (DPA). Amino sugars (glucosamine, galactosamine, and muramic acid) were assayed as microbial source indicators. Severe nutrient depletion reduced cell numbers and increased endospore abundance; straw disposal slightly increased both prokaryote and endospore numbers. Nutrient source (animal manure or mineral fertilizer) and soil texture had a little effect on cell and endospore numbers. With the notable exception of unfertilized soil, the ratio of endospores to total cells was similar across all treatments. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed dominance of Bacteria over Archaea, the latter accounting for 0.2–8.4 % of total genes. Archaeal abundance differed a little among treatments. Firmicutes made up 0.2–1.2 % of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The numbers of Firmicutes were lower in unfertilized than in fertilized soil and decreased with decreasing soil clay content; straw treatment and nutrient source had a little effect. Amino sugar ratios suggested a dominance of fungi over bacteria, but the concentrations of microbial indicators and soil organic C were closely correlated, indicating that the amino sugar ratios represented a historical fingerprint (legacy effect) of the impact of management on the microbial community. Our results show that it takes extreme management to distort the general structure of prokaryotic communities in temperate arable soils.
Journal Article
A dataset of direct observations of sea ice drift and waves in ice
Variability in sea ice conditions, combined with strong couplings to the atmosphere and the ocean, lead to a broad range of complex sea ice dynamics. More in-situ measurements are needed to better identify the phenomena and mechanisms that govern sea ice growth, drift, and breakup. To this end, we have gathered a dataset of in-situ observations of sea ice drift and waves in ice. A total of 15 deployments were performed over a period of 5 years in both the Arctic and Antarctic, involving 72 instruments. These provide both GPS drift tracks, and measurements of waves in ice. The data can, in turn, be used for tuning sea ice drift models, investigating waves damping by sea ice, and helping calibrate other sea ice measurement techniques, such as satellite based observations.
Journal Article
Prolidase deficiency: it looks like systemic lupus erythematosus but it is not
Three siblings with recalcitrant leg ulceration, splenomegaly, photosensitive rash, and autoantibodies were suspected of having prolidase deficiency. Urine was checked for iminodipeptiduria, fibroblasts were cultured and analyzed for prolidase activity, and DNA was extracted for identifying the causative mutation. Glycyl proline was found as the dominant dipeptide in the urine. The activity of proline dipeptidase in fibroblasts was 2.5% of control fibroblasts. Sequence analysis of the
PEPD
gene revealed a homozygous nonsense C→G transition at nucleotide 768. In conclusion, prolidase deficiency was diagnosed in siblings with skin ulceration autoantibodies and a lupus-like disease. A novel nonsense mutation was found, associated with the severe outcome of our patients.
Journal Article